Canada’s Refugee Protection System Explained

Refugee definition

Who is a refugee?

To meet the definition of “Convention Refugee,” you must show that you meet all six parts of the definition below: 

  1. If I return to my country, there is a serious possibility I will face persecution,
    and 
  2. this persecution is based on my: race / religion / nationality / political opinion / or membership in a particular social group,
    and 

To meet the definition of “Person In Need of Protection,” you must show that Part 1 OR 2 below is true for you: 

  1. If I return to my country, I am likely to face torture by the authorities in my country. 

OR 

  1. If I return to my country, I am likely to face risk to my life, or risk of cruel and unusual treatment or punishment

    and
    • my government cannot protect me,
      and
    • I cannot live safely in any other part of my country or it is not reasonable for me – given who I am – to move to another part of my country,
      and
    • this risk is NOT because of inadequate medical care in my country.